Internal-combustion and fluid-pressure engine



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R. E. PELTERIE INTERNAL GOMBUSTION AND FLUID PRESSURE'ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. 14 1919 @ct 23, i923.

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R. E. PEM-ERIE INTERNAL COMBUSTION AND FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE Filed Feb. 14 1919 5 SheehtS-Sheet 3 www@ @cih 23, E923.

, R. E. PELTERIE INTERNAL GOMBUSTION AND FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4,

Filed Feb. '14 1919 @1cm 2N, N923., www@ R. E. PELTERIE 'INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN AND FLUIDl` PRESSURE ENGINE Filed Feb. 14 1919 A 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented @et 23,

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ROBERT ESNAULT PELTERInoF. PARIS, FRANCE.:

INTERNALLCOMBUSTION Aim."rruin-frnnssunngnneiim. f

` Applieaiibn inea February 14, Y,19179;l 'serial noga'fzaiis,

' To all whom tima/concern:

Icylinder, and a movable piston located in the movable cylinder, the'actuation ofthe moving parts being obtained by exploding a charge between' the movable cylinder and y the piston, and the movements of the parts being limited by springs securedV to'each end of the fixed cylinders, andthe energy "of the motor being received byv the pistons vof the. hydraulic pumps. vIn my, present construe;

- tion, instead of limiting the movement' Vof the movable cylinders by springs, If'prolvide chambers or cavities containing a compres`` sible liquid, oil for example,` and utilize them as shock absorbers andk limiting elements to receive and transmit; thetfeneig'y;

developed by the motor.

My present` invention further lcomprises various improvements over gtheV structure disclosed in my impendingapplication, resulting in a simplification thereof, as .will appear from the following description;

Inthe drawings yaocompanying this specification, one embodiment of my constiuction is .shown for thepurpose of illustra-tion only, and the illustration is not .intended as a limitati on of the invention,

Figure l shows a right hand section ofthe explosion cylinders.l I

Fig, la shows a vertical section, similar to;

that-shown in Figure 1, and sho-wing. the opposite end of the cylinders, Figure. 1 and Figure la showing the A complete cylinderconstruction. U v

Fig. 2 is a top e-levation mentaiy.

Fig. 3 represents a detailed view .of the operating mechanism of the valve gearing partly in section. Fig. 4i shows a view similar tothat shown of the explosion cylinders, partly in section and partly; fragfl in Figure 3,1 with theoperatingparts in different relativefpositions.

Figs. i5, 6 :end 'show views similar to Figure 4, with the loperating parts indifferentielative positions.

l*Fig "8 i isan illustration `of an atomizer of one of the carburetors, and'of the automatic and-'manual systems to regulate the motor. Fig 9'is a fragmentary plan view of an inlet"`valv'e to'assur'e the supply of fresh gases lto the motor.'

Fig. 10 is an end elevation of the valve shown in 'Figure' 9; y Fig, 11 is a plan vview of an eduction valve for 'the hydraulic pump, the .admission valdv'e being in all respects similarthereto, an Y Figi` l2 isadiametrical section'of Figure and', iii' turn,.'enoloses a mov-able'pistona, which is free 'to move in the movable cylinder b. Therelativeinovement of the Cylinder t andthe piston a is secured by exploding chargebetwe'en theiradjacent faces first' at one end of the motor and then at the fopposit'e'end, after which the products ofv combustion escapeA in eachl instance atytlie appropriate exhaust orifice g2. yThe fixed cylinder g' is provided, at its opposite ends,-

with cayities,' or; chambers o, .adaptedI to contain ja compressiblev liquid, ,to cushion the movziblecylinder ',Zjfat the end of its` stroke,

.fp and to serve as a medium-for.transmitting the :power generated to suitable hydraulic elementsjflfo this end, each cavitycds closed at one/side by. amovable piece, which may comprise avery light piston d, and is provided withY one o1' more inlet and outlet valves, they inletor admission valve e serving toadmit, sufficient liquid to take v the placeof. thatV expelled,:aiid the outlet or @duction valve .e serving to permit the. ex-

pulsion ofthe liquid from the chamber oatfthe proper moment.

In order to insure against damage to the apparatus, a' safetyfvalve f is provided, on-

each, facegof piston o, the safety valve serving .to close angopening which provides apassageway for` Athe escape vof the burned gases of the explosion when rl-the movable parts exceedtheirlimit of, normal stroke,

theieby-ltending to vproduce an abnormal.

Referring to the drawings, 'a 'station'a'ryV cylinder is'shojwn atg. A` movable cylin#A der bis located inthis stationary cylinder,

pressure in one of the explosion chambers. This safety valveV comprises "a @slidemember f, one vface of Whichserves as a valve, and a pivoted member f', one end of thep'ivoted member engaging themember f, andlserving to normally Amaintain it so as to close` the escape opening in the-end of "the cylinder a. A spring f2, secured tov the other end of` the pivoted member f', serves to maintain the Valvein closed position. The pivoted mem-` ber f is also suitably counterfweighted so that the very great acceleration to which the piston a is .subjectedandconsequently l ignition.

, as shown in the drawings, are provided.

These plugs are shownin Figures l andla,

andare secured to each end ofthe iixed casing y, aps'has already been indicated.

They consist in general, of membersl com-v p'rising a metal jacket ycreasing z', located o'njthel axis ofthe motor, and fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder g., within which insulating .material 1, surrounding a metalconducting rod 3 is compressed between plugs of vhard insulating material 2'? such afs porcelain,r steatite, or the like.fA VVThe plugs project through suitable openings in the' movable cylinder b. The requisite sparking is obtained by 'connecting the'jacket/ a' and rod 3 with thevterminals of a source of jelectromotive force, the spark jumping Vfrompthe end offthis rod to the endl of the jacket,"`as lwill vbe readily understood. l rlxhe head'of the cylinder b andthelpiston f., lof the liquid chamber at each end of the motor slide yfreelyon the metal jacket' of being vprovided to 'prevent leakage.'

the corresponding plug, suitablepacking 1n-Order t0- provide ferthe'requisue aa.

mission ofthe explosivey miXtnrejtofapos-ition between the'piston a Aand the movable cylinder Fb', Valves y', for example,six iny number, are provided in the endsv of the piston b. And to facilitate `the operationof thes'efvalves,` stops 7c have been provided'V in ,the end oithe `iXed casing g,' against which the' stems' ofthe valves j are adapted to abut. lThe stops correspond 'in number to thevalvesQkv Secured to eachof the stops it:` isa projecting stem 701, adapted to slide' in a bored opening, l' communicating' with the chamber c, and serving toregulate the posi-y tion of the stops c, in addition to the resilient meansv shown. f In'` order to regulate the `"flow ofVv oil `lin thev bored opening in `which the stem 701 Slides, a check needle 7a2 is seouredvinl the rear. en'd'of the ixed cylinder g, the end of which partially closes the end 'of the bored opening.' f

To permit the needles k2, at the same end of the motor, to' be simultaneously adjusted, they emerge .from ythe` `,liquid chamber through,packingfjoints la?, and bear: against the flange Vof a cap l, concentric with the motorcylinders. j J The` stems of valves jv abut :against the adjustable stops Which-thus control their opening .I'hesestops comprise pistons, the rear face of .each of which receivesthefpresf sureof a spring, coiled about its rodlcl, the

movement of' lWhich is retarded `by the vpressure of the oil in the bored opening commu-k nicating jwith the cavity c.. Thel passing of Vthis f oil through, the orifices i communicating with the chamber c can ,be controlled by ythe `scr/ew cap Z which determines the position V.of the needles Byscrewingor unscrewing this capl, the head of which bears uponV thefsix needles larranged at the same end ofthe motor, `they may, all be simultaneously displaced `parallel to; the axis ,of the motor, and therebybring about a',corresponding adjustment Vof t-be vorifices which controll the` lowpof `oil displaced ,by

the stems kil." 'Y

- Inorder to provide for the admission of 1 the explosive mixture to the iiXed cylinder g, there is provided aV conical ,valvel m,vhav/ inganloutwardly projecting' sleeve, and sliding yon" a portion of the fixed cylinder g. The outer edgeof the conical valve m' is adapted' to abut against the valve vseat formed in the internalface oit' the xed cylinder gffThe conical portion of valveV m yis p'rovidedf'with a plurality of radial fingers m', as shown in Figures 9 Vand 10, which bear upon VVthe spaces between fixed 'Iny order toobtainthis result, 4 the valves m are operatedby a liquid system of trans;v fer, which 4willf'novv be, described and whichis shown in Figures 3, 4,5,.6 andy 7.

One of` the moving parts, the pistone,lv

forexample, ycarries along, 'through Vthe medium of a small connecting rod `aand a Y leverl al, (see YF`igure'-l2) or 'by "any other device, a pistonrod 710,'f`which thus' follows al movement vsynchronous with thatoi" the movingfpartfwhioh drivesit '(seec Figures -2,34 ,5,6a11d7). M This pistonio acts upon a liquid contained in aclosed 'spa'cefand acting itself upon a further piston, of which actuates the Avalve m through fthe-medium of -a leverfp, a forked rockerfarni,or any other suitable arrange-l ment v(see Figure 2)., A

VA-In the particular case shown in f-Figure'Q,

witha spring valve land g1 and the diiier-V enti'al slide or piston o1 moves itself in the interior of a fixed cylinder 1 whichhasa Central annular rib or projection r1 past` which the central opening ov2 ofthe. piston Q1 can move. Q f r' The vfigures annexed hereto will make the working of thispartproperly understood. i

ln Figure 3 theIk movable-piston 0 and the piston o1 are both at the end of the left hand.

stroke andthe formerl is about'to return towards the right.

The space svbeing closed and the area of the annular section 1, 2, of the pistone? being greater vthan that of its annular section 3, 4, the ,compression of the oil in this space s, when the piston 0 commences to move to the right, causes thempiston 01 to move in the same ldirection until its opening o2 passes towards therright beyond the projection r1 Iot' ythx-ifixed cylinder r. v

The movement being :very rapid,y the ine'rtia'ot the piston o1 carries it: along to the end of the 'stroke into the position shown in Figui-e4, that is 'to' say until the linger valve Vconnected therewith, asV heretoforehexplained,`is in contact with its seat.

i At this moment, the piston o, continuing towardsthe'irighh;forcesback the'oily from. the` spacey `s through theI annular space. al.

and the opening o2 of fthe Vslide into the chamber t theincreasedfpressure in which unseatsthe valve g (see Figure 4) compress-v ingthe` springg2 (see Figure 3) ywhichhas not-been shown in the'other figures in order tosimplifyythemLand thel volume expelledV from the space s thus passes into the space u.'

' A' little before thevpiston o arrives at the i end of its stroke, the finger o l(see Figure `5) which." is attached to it,'i`s" brought into contact'w'ith the headwhich carries the tail ot thel small valve 'w and-causes the-same to be separatedI from Aits seat.` `Thefresult of this, isthat when" the piston 0 starts rofl" again towards 'the' left, ritiiydoesk not immediately develop-any appreciable pressure inthe space u, :andfrcan-only move the slide o? 'after the movement' from Ithe position vot Fguref vtov that o'f-Figure 6, inWvhCh'the' small valve (wf falls back again 'on to itsseat thereby, clos-i ing the chamber it.` l The valve w,as" thus' operated, provides for a desired delayvin the opening lof the valve m.

Starting from the instant small f valve fwis' closedfthefspace u bein-g 'closed,=, theA liquid is compressed therein and as the area.

of the annular section 5, 6, (see Figure 3) of'thefpiston 0'1 is greater than that of its sectionl 7, @the action of the former is preponderant andv thrusts the slide o2 towards the left, the eii'eet of which is to open the valvem. l ,L f

This movement takes place like the preceding.oneruntiltheopenings 0v2 in the piston 0.1 passesl the annular. projection r1 on the ixedcylinder r l(see Figure 7).

The slidecland the valve m continue toj move by inertia to the end of their stroke after which the oil-displaced from the space a is forced, through the annular space vu1, unseats vthe valve g1, and passes into the space 's'. l ,l ,c l, Y

On movement of the piston o from the Figure 5 positionftofthat of Figure 6, the valve g is closed priorto the closing of valve w, thereby causing asmall quantity of o il to pass from the space r@through the last ment'ionedl valve.; To compensate for -this loss provision is'madefwhereby. an equal amount of oil may be drawn into the space s, an automatic inlet valve', not shown in the drawings, being provided for such purpose, as a port of the general oil supplyl system, in which a suitable pressure may be maintained by any appropriatemeans.

Havingregard to the shortness of time during which thestop pistons d of the moving parts aand b torce back the liquid in the force pipes, it is necessary that the automatic valves e which serve for this forcing backr utilized allows and 'slightly hollovved soV asV to better resist this pressure. y The. kind of blades m1 thus formed on the ends of these springs, rest above holes g/ pierced in the s'eat;' each' valve' is situated at theend of va spring with several leaves held at its centre' in such away that in rising it changes itsshapein a symmetrical manner.

The motor-should be providedrvvith a controller'allowing of reducing the admission of the fuel ywhen the movablev parts of the motor `exceed -theirmaximum admissible strokes. This contr'fol-ler` is automatic: and is combined with a system of hand control.

v To this end,"one of themoving parts, the cylinder b-for; eX'ample,'carries a iingerz (see Figures Qiand 8) which follows it in its movement and which, at .each end of its stroke,fcomes `.intosoontact `with a small piston-a1.VVV y, t.

This Vlatter thusreceives ateachstroke aslight movement which isthemore accen-V tuated-.as themoving part exceeds the allowed limitvthe more.

This. small pistona1 Working in a pump barrel b1 provided with two check valves c? c2, thusforces back at each stroke a quantity of liquid which is the greater the more they uormalstroke is exceeded.

` This liquid passing through a pipe all (see FigureV 8) passesrinto the Vinterior of'a second pump barrel g1 where it tends to lift another vpiston h1, Y c' Y The action of'th'e liquid isfcounter-balanced by -a spring jl' suitably tared and on the other handby anadjustableforifice or leak constituted yby a needle l? which allows the liquid to escape.l i

The resultl is thatiinclerv normal regulation the liquid attains apressure'which is such that it flows v-away by the"adjustable leak Z1 with a flow equal to that of the pistoner1 and that this pressure .determines the position of the pistn blfworking,underthe elasticity which has VHbeen' selected by `the Spring it 4.

The piston h1 carries a rod'b2 the conical end of which engages inthe interior of the hole m1 intheifuel atomizer.l l

It will Vbe imderstood'` from this that if from any cause, the motor is insufficiently loaded and the cylinder` exceeds its normal stroke, it forces' back aquantity of oil greater than that which can 'escape in the same time by the adjustable leakrl1 and that the excess of the supplyv of the liquid liftsv the piston 71,1 compressing the spring jl until this increase of pressure forces the supply from the lealrtobecomeequal to that of the pistonali I c The conical rod h2V of the piston h1 will vtherefore gradually obstruct the hole inthe atomizer m1 and. reduce the supply of fuelv until the' stroke of the moving parts .again becomes normal and until from this fact the feed of the pistona1 itself vbecomes'noimal again.k l Y .f l

It will be apparent that, the pistons a and It' may loe-replaced by diaphragms or any other. appropriate vmovable .wall portions capable of acting upon and being affected by the combined liquid.

Itis necessary that the driver of the motor may always be able to slow but in no casev be ableto compel tliemoving parts to exceed their limited position, which would bring about the breakage' of the motor; f

To this end, the handle or pedal for con trolling the gases does not directly control the'rod h2 but a stop pl which passes through a tightlining into the interior ofthe cylinek der g1 and can thrust the piston' h1 upwards that is to say in the direction: which cuts ofi' the fuel. while in the other direction, it is the stroke regulator Vwhich Valone'isy able to control the maximum of admission. It mayr Vdi'cate the double, control of thersupplyof the fuel, imperative incertain cases by the motor itself, and optional infothers by the driver of the motor. YIt is properto note always in this inatterrthat,`inparticular, this ligure does not mention anl additional oil atomizer4 which willbe placed near that for the fuel employed. As a matter offact, at the very high pressure at which the'motor has to work, itis possible, without inconvenience, to mix the lubricating oil and the fuel employed; the excess'of oil notutilized for lubrication will be burned at the time of autoignition. On the other hand, the very Patent N o. 1,459,019 June 19,1923.

Vhat I claimv and desire 'to secure by'Leti ters Patent ofthe United States is :e

1 An explosion motor, comprising a yfixedcylinder, a movable cylinder'in said fixed cylinder, anda movable piston slidable in said movable cylinder, the movable elements being adapted to be drivenin opposite directions by the explosion of va charge between Y their adjacent faces, and chambers adapted ioo to contain a compressible liquid, closed at one end by amovable diaphiagmV adapted to be actuated by the `movable cylinder and acting as av piston compressing thev fluid; the supply of saidflui'd under pressure from said chamber serving as the transmission medium,

to transmit power from the movable. elements to external mechanism. j

2.V An explosion motor, accordingV to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the movable diaphragm and the compressibleliquid containedin the chamber `serve as cushioning means for the movin elements of the device.

3. A motor, accor ing to claim 1, charac-` terized inthat the movable piston ispro.-y

vided with openings to permiteventually the escape ofY some of the burnt gases of the eX- plosion, each opening being closed by a safety valve comprising a counter-weighted portion anda leaf spring secured ,toV said counter-weighted portion, theY counterweighted portion and the spring serving to maintain the valve against its valve sea't, and the leaf spring being located substantially parallel to the directionl of Vmotion of the moving parts. n l

4:. A motor,acc0rding to claim L1,characterized by the provision of a. plurality of stop elements for the valves ofthe movable 1,4.'71,ecoV

' in the ends of the movable cylinder having projecting stems adapted to strike said stops, and in which said openings are closed by simultaneously operated needles.

6. In a motor according to claim 1, the combination with an admission valve, of means for actuating said valve, comprising a cavity filled with liquid, two pistons in said cavity, a connection between one of the pistons and one of the movable elements of the motor, a connection between the other piston and the valve, and means controlling the transmission of motion from one of said pistons to the other in such manner that the piston and the valve, means controlling the transmission of motion from one of said pistons to the other in such manner that the said valve may be operated at each reversal of the directions of movement of the elements of the motor, without any variation due to the points in the course of such movement at which the said changes of direction take place, a supplementary valve communicating with said liquid filled cavity, and means for operating said .valve at alternate reversals of the motor elements whereby the opening of the admission valve is delayed.

8. The combination with an explosion motor of the character described having an operating element of variable stroke, of a fuel feed stroke regulator therefor, comprising communicating liquid chambers, each having a movable wail portion, a fuel atomizer having a needle controlled in its movement by one of said wall portions, a stem extending from the other of said wall portions, and a finger carried by said operating element adapted to engage and move said stem, thereby causing the connecting wall portion to be variably moved in accordance with the variations in the stroke of said motor.

9. The combination with a motor and fuel feed stroke regulator according to claim 8, of a stop adapted to limit the retractive movement of the wall portion which controls the movement of the fuel atomizer needle, and means for manually varying the position of said stop.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

ROBERT EsNAULT PELTnRi-n 

